What are some commonly used calcium channel blockers (CCBs)?

Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are a class of medications that help manage conditions such as hypertension and certain types of angina by inhibiting the influx of calcium into cardiac and smooth muscle cells. This action leads to vasodilation, decreased heart rate, and reduced contractility of the heart, which collectively helps to lower blood pressure and alleviate chest pain.

Among the options provided, diltiazem, nifedipine, and amlodipine are indeed classified as CCBs. Diltiazem and amlodipine are commonly prescribed to treat high blood pressure and angina. Nifedipine, especially in its extended-release form, is also effective for hypertension and is used in some cases to manage Raynaud's phenomenon. The effectiveness of these medications hinges on their ability to selectively block the calcium channels, resulting in relaxation of the vascular smooth muscle and decreased myocardial workload.

The other options consist of different classes of drugs that do not fall under the category of calcium channel blockers. The first option lists loop diuretics, which are used to manage fluid retention and hypertension but do not affect calcium channels. The third option contains potassium-sparing diuretics, which help in preserving potassium levels in the body while promoting di